RARE Antique Litho Print JEB Stuart's Raid Confederate 1862 Civil War 1900

Antique - Old Original Print. Stuart's Raid around McClellan. For offer - a very nice old print! Fresh from an estate in Upstate NY. Never offered on the market until now.

Vintage, Old, antique, Original - NOT a Reproduction - Guaranteed!! Rint shows Stuart on horseback. Printer information at lower lh corner: 1900, by Jones Bros. Signed by artist at lower right - H. Easures 12 1/4 x 10 inches.

Originally issued in book form, folded in half - thus the fold mark across center. NOTE: will be sent folded in half, as found and as issued. In good to very good condition. Also has another crease below the fold mark, slight separation at left edge, with small crease, and faint crease to lower lh edge. If you collect American art history, Americana, Civil War, military, Jones Brothers, art printing, etc.

This is a nice one for your paper or ephemera collection. James Ewell Brown "Jeb" Stuart (February 6, 1833 May 12, 1864) was a United States Army officer from Virginia who became a Confederate States Army general during the American Civil War.

Stuart graduated from West Point in 1854, and served in Texas and Kansas with the U. He was a veteran of the frontier conflicts with Native Americans and the violence of Bleeding Kansas, and he participated in the capture of John Brown at Harpers Ferry. He resigned, when his home state of Virginia seceded, to serve in the Confederate Army, first under Stonewall Jackson in the Shenandoah Valley, but then in increasingly important cavalry commands of the Army of Northern Virginia, playing a role in all of that army's campaigns until his death. He established a reputation as an audacious cavalry commander and on two occasions (during the Peninsula Campaign and the Maryland Campaign) circumnavigated the Union Army of the Potomac, bringing fame to himself and embarrassment to the North. At the Battle of Chancellorsville, he distinguished himself as a temporary commander of the wounded Stonewall Jackson's infantry corps.

Philip Sheridan's cavalry launched an offensive to defeat Stuart, who was mortally wounded at the Battle of Yellow Tavern. Stuart's widow wore black for the rest of her life in remembrance of her deceased husband. Laurel Hill Farm overview, 2017. Stuart was born at Laurel Hill Farm, a plantation in Patrick County, Virginia, near the border with North Carolina.

He was of Scottish American and Scots-Irish background. [4] He was the eighth of eleven children and the youngest of the five sons to survive past early age. [5] His great-grandfather, Major Alexander Stuart, commanded a regiment at the Battle of Guilford Court House during the American Revolutionary War.

[6] His father, Archibald Stuart, was a War of 1812 veteran, slaveholder, attorney, and Democratic politician who represented Patrick County in both houses of the Virginia General Assembly, and also served one term in the United States House of Representatives. [7] Archibald was a cousin of Alexander Hugh Holmes Stuart.

Elizabeth Letcher Pannill Stuart, Jeb's mother, who was known as a strict religious woman with a good sense for business, ran the family farm. Stuart was educated at home by his mother and tutors until the age of twelve, when he left Laurel Hill to be educated by various teachers in Wytheville, Virginia, and at the home of his aunt Anne (Archibald's sister) and her husband Judge James Ewell Brown (Stuart's namesake) at Danville. [8] He entered Emory and Henry College when he was fifteen, and attended from 1848 to 1850.

During the summer of 1848, Stuart attempted to enlist in the U. Army, but was rejected as underaged. He obtained an appointment in 1850 to the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York, from Representative Thomas Hamlet Averett, the man who had defeated his father in the 1848 election. [10] Stuart was a popular student and was happy at the Academy. Although not handsome in his teen years, his classmates called him by the nickname "Beauty", which they described as his personal comeliness in inverse ratio to the term employed.

"[11] He possessed a chin "so short and retiring as positively to disfigure his otherwise fine countenance. " He quickly grew a beard after graduation and a fellow officer remarked that he was "the only man he ever saw that [a] beard improved. Lee was appointed superintendent of the academy in 1852, and Stuart became a friend of the Lee family, seeing them socially on frequent occasions. Lee's nephew, Fitzhugh Lee, also arrived at the academy in 1852.

In Stuart's final year, in addition to achieving the cadet rank of second captain of the corps, he was one of eight cadets designated as honorary "cavalry officers" for his skills in horsemanship. [13] Stuart graduated 13th in his class of 46 in 1854. He ranked tenth in his class in cavalry tactics.

Although he enjoyed the civil engineering curriculum at the academy and did well in mathematics, his poor drawing skills hampered his engineering studies, and he finished 29th in that discipline. A Stuart family tradition says he deliberately degraded his academic performance in his final year to avoid service in the elite, but dull, Corps of Engineers.

[15] He was soon transferred to the newly formed 1st Cavalry Regiment (1855) at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas Territory, where he became regimental quartermaster[16] and commissary officer under the command of Col. [17] He was promoted to first lieutenant in 1855. Also in 1855, Stuart met Flora Cooke, the daughter of the commander of the 2nd U.

Dragoon Regiment, Lieutenant Colonel Philip St. Burke Davis described Flora as "an accomplished horsewoman, and though not pretty, an effective charmer, " to whom Stuart succumbed with hardly a struggle. [18] They became engaged in September, less than two months after meeting.

Stuart humorously wrote of his rapid courtship in Latin, "Veni, Vidi, Victus sum" (I came, I saw, I was conquered). Although a gala wedding was planned for Fort Riley, Kansas, the death of Stuart's father on September 20 caused a change of plans and the marriage on November 14 was small and limited to family witnesses. Stuart's leadership capabilities were soon recognized. He was a veteran of the frontier conflicts with Native Americans and the antebellum violence of Bleeding Kansas. He was wounded on July 29, 1857, while fighting at Solomon River, Kansas, against the Cheyenne.

Sumner ordered a charge with drawn sabers against a wave of Indian arrows. Scattering the warriors, Stuart and three other lieutenants chased one down, whom Stuart wounded in the thigh with his pistol. The Cheyenne turned and fired at Stuart with an old-fashioned pistol, striking him in the chest with a bullet, which did little more damage than to pierce the skin.

Their first child, a girl, had been born in 1856 but died the same day. On November 14, 1857, Flora gave birth to another daughter, whom the parents named Flora after her mother. The family relocated in early 1858 to Fort Riley, where they remained for three years. In 1859, Stuart developed a new piece of cavalry equipment, for which he received patent number 25,684 on October 4a saber hook, or an improved method of attaching sabers to belts.

[25] Upon learning that his father-in-law, Col. Cooke, would remain in the U. Army during the coming war, Stuart wrote to his brother-in-law future Confederate Brig.

George Cooke Stuart, but his father changed the name to James Ewell Brown Stuart, Jr. ("Jimmie"), in late 1861 out of disgust with his father-in-law.

Stuart was commissioned as a lieutenant colonel of Virginia Infantry in the Confederate Army on May 10, 1861. Lee, now commanding the armed forces of Virginia, ordered him to report to Colonel Thomas J.

If you add to this army a real brigade of cavalry, you can find no better brigadier-general to command it. Johnston, letter to Confederate President Jefferson Davis, August 1861[29]. After early service in the Shenandoah Valley, Stuart led his regiment in the First Battle of Bull Run, and participated in the pursuit of the retreating Federals. He then commanded the Army's outposts along the upper Potomac River until given command of the cavalry brigade for the army then known as the Army of the Potomac (later named the Army of Northern Virginia). He was promoted to brigadier general on September 24, 1861.

In 1862, the Union Army of the Potomac began its Peninsula Campaign against Richmond, Virginia, and Stuart's cavalry brigade assisted Gen. Johnston's army as it withdrew up the Virginia Peninsula in the face of superior numbers.

Stuart set out with 1,200 troopers on the morning of June 12 and, having determined that the flank was indeed vulnerable, took his men on a complete circumnavigation of the Union army, returning after 150 miles on July 15 with 165 captured Union soldiers, 260 horses and mules, and various quartermaster and ordnance supplies. His men met no serious opposition from the more decentralized Union cavalry, coincidentally commanded by his father-in-law, Col. The maneuver was a public relations sensation and Stuart was greeted with flower petals thrown in his path at Richmond. He had become as famous as Stonewall Jackson in the eyes of the Confederacy.

John Buford's brigade, Col. Munford's 2nd Virginia Cavalry was overwhelmed until Stuart sent in two more regiments as reinforcements.

Buford's men, many of whom were new to combat, retreated across Lewis's Ford and Stuart's troopers captured over 300 of them. Stuart's men harassed the retreating Union columns until the campaign ended at the Battle of Chantilly.

During the Maryland Campaign of September 1862, Stuart's cavalry screened the army's movement north. He bears some responsibility for Robert E.

Lee's lack of knowledge of the position and celerity of the pursuing Army of the Potomac under George B. For a five-day period, Stuart rested his men and entertained local civilians at a gala ball at Urbana, Maryland. His reports make no reference to intelligence gathering by his scouts or patrols. [33] As the Union Army drew near to Lee's divided army, Stuart's men skirmished at various points on the approach to Frederick and Stuart was not able to keep his brigades concentrated enough to resist the oncoming tide.

Stuart began probing the Union lines with more artillery barrages, which were answered with "murderous" counterbattery fire and the cavalry movement intended by Jackson was never launched. Stuart and Jackson were an unlikely pair: one outgoing, the other introverted; one flashily uniformed, the other plainly dressed; one Prince Rupert and the other Cromwell. Yet Stuart's self-confidence, penchant for action, deep love of Virginia, and total abstinence from such vices as alcohol, tobacco, and pessimism endeared him to Jackson.

Stuart was the only man in the Confederacy [who] could make Jackson laughand who dared to do so. Three weeks after Lee's army had withdrawn back to Virginia, on October 1012, 1862, Stuart performed another of his audacious circumnavigations of the Army of the Potomac, his Chambersburg Raid126 miles in under 60 hours, from Darkesville, West Virginia to as far north as Mercersburg, Pennsylvania and Chambersburg and around to the east through Emmitsburg, Maryland and south through Hyattstown, Maryland and White's Ford to Leesburg, Virginiaonce again embarrassing his Union opponents and seizing horses and supplies, but at the expense of exhausted men and animals, without gaining much military advantage. Jubal Early referred to it as "the greatest horse stealing expedition" that only "annoyed" the enemy. [37] Stuart gave his friend Jackson a fine, new officer's tunic, trimmed with gold lace, commissioned from a Richmond tailor, which he thought would give Jackson more of the appearance of a proper general (something to which Jackson was notoriously indifferent).

McClellan pushed his army slowly south, urged by President Lincoln to pursue Lee, crossing the Potomac starting on October 26. As Lee began moving to counter this, Stuart screened Longstreet's Corps and skirmished numerous times in early November against Union cavalry and infantry around Mountville, Aldie, and Upperville.

On November 6, Stuart received sad news by telegram that his daughter Flora had died just before her fifth birthday of typhoid fever on November 3. In the December 1862 Battle of Fredericksburg, Stuart and his cavalrymost notably his horse artillery under Major John Pelhamprotected Stonewall Jackson's flank at Hamilton's Crossing. General Lee commended his cavalry, which effectually guarded our right, annoying the enemy and embarrassing his movements by hanging on his flank, and attacking when the opportunity occurred. Stuart reported to Flora the next day that he had been shot through his fur collar but was unhurt.

Tapping telegraph lines, his signalmen intercepted messages between Union commanders and Stuart sent a personal telegram to Union Quartermaster General Montgomery C. Meigs, General Meigs will in the future please furnish better mules; those you have furnished recently are very inferior. On March 17, 1863, Stuart's cavalry clashed with a Union raiding party at Kelly's Ford.

The minor victory was marred by the death of Major Pelham, which caused Stuart profound grief, as he thought of him as close as a younger brother. He wrote to a Confederate Congressman, The noble, the chivalric, the gallant Pelham is no more. Let the tears of agony we have shed, and the gloom of mourning throughout my command bear witness. Flora was pregnant at the time and Stuart told her that if it were a boy, he wanted him to be named John Pelham Stuart. Virginia Pelham Stuart was born October 9.

As he led a cavalcade of resplendent staff officers to the reviewing stand, trumpeters heralded his coming and women and girls strewed his path with flowers. Before all of the spectators the assembled cavalry brigade stretched a mile and a half. After Stuart and his entourage galloped past the line in review, the troopers in their turn saluted the reviewing stand in columns of squadrons. In performing a second "march past, " the squadrons started off at a trot, then spurred to a gallop. Drawing sabers and breaking into the Rebel yell, the troopers rush toward the horse artillery drawn up in battery.

The gunners responded defiantly, firing blank charges. Amidst this tumult of cannon fire and thundering hooves, a number of ladies swooned in their escorts' arms. A map showing Union actions and Stuart's responses at the Battle of Brandy Station. Battle of Brandy Station, June 9, 1863. Returning to the cavalry for the Gettysburg Campaign, Stuart endured the two low points in his career, starting with the Battle of Brandy Station, the largest predominantly cavalry engagement of the war.

By June 5, two of Lee's infantry corps were camped in and around Culpeper. Six miles northeast, holding the line of the Rappahannock River, Stuart bivouacked his cavalry troopers, mostly near Brandy Station, screening the Confederate Army against surprise by the enemy. Stuart requested a full field review of his troops by Gen.

Lee ordered Stuart to cross the Rappahannock the next day and raid Union forward positions, screening the Confederate Army from observation or interference as it moved north. Anticipating this imminent offensive action, Stuart ordered his tired troopers back into bivouac around Brandy Station. Army of the Potomac commander Maj. Joseph Hooker interpreted Stuart's presence around Culpeper to be indicative of preparations for a raid on his army's supply lines.

In reaction, he ordered his cavalry commander, Maj. Alfred Pleasonton, to take a combined arms force of 8,000 cavalrymen and 3,000 infantry on a "spoiling raid" to "disperse and destroy" the 9,500 Confederates. [50] Pleasonton's force crossed the Rappahannock in two columns on June 9, 1863, the first crossing at Beverly's Ford Brig.

A series of confusing charges and countercharges swept back and forth across Fleetwood Hill, which had been Stuart's headquarters the previous night. After ten hours of fighting, Pleasonton ordered his men to withdraw across the Rappahannock. Stuart is to be the eyes and ears of the army we advise him to see more, and be seen less. Stuart has suffered no little in public estimation by the late enterprises of the enemy. Richmond Enquirer, June 12, 1863[52].

Although Stuart claimed a victory because the Confederates held the field, Brandy Station is considered a tactical draw, and both sides came up short. Pleasonton was not able to disable Stuart's force at the start of an important campaign and he withdrew before finding the location of Lee's infantry nearby. However, the fact that the Southern cavalry had not detected the movement of two large columns of Union cavalry, and that they fell victim to a surprise attack, was an embarrassment that prompted serious criticism from fellow generals and the Southern press. The fight also revealed the increased competency of the Union cavalry, and foreshadowed the decline of the formerly invincible Southern mounted arm.

Stuart's ride in the Gettysburg Campaign. A map showing Union and Confederate movements at the corps level during the opening phases of the Gettysburg Campaign, with Stuart's cavalry ride shown with a red dotted line. Stuart's ride (shown with a red dotted line) during the Gettysburg Campaign, June 3 July 3, 1863. Following a series of small cavalry battles in June as Lee's army began marching north through the Shenandoah Valley, Stuart may have had in mind the glory of circumnavigating the enemy army once again, desiring to erase the stain on his reputation of the surprise at Brandy Station. General Lee gave orders to Stuart on June 22 on how he was to participate in the march north, and the exact nature of those orders has been argued by the participants and historians ever since, but the essence was that he was instructed to guard the mountain passes with part of his force while the Army of Northern Virginia was still south of the Potomac and that he was to cross the river with the remainder of the army and screen the right flank of Ewell's Second Corps.

Instead of taking a direct route north near the Blue Ridge Mountains, however, Stuart chose to reach Ewell's flank by taking his three best brigades those of Brig. Chambliss, the latter replacing the wounded Brig. "Rooney" Lee between the Union army and Washington, moving north through Rockville to Westminster and on into Pennsylvania, hoping to capture supplies along the way and cause havoc near the enemy capital. Stuart and his three brigades departed Salem Depot at 1 a.

In Westminster on June 29, his men clashed briefly with and overwhelmed two companies of Union cavalry, chasing them a long distance on the Baltimore road, which Stuart claimed caused a "great panic" in the city of Baltimore. [57] The head of Stuart's column encountered Brig.

Judson Kilpatrick's cavalry as it passed through Hanover and scattered it on June 30; the Battle of Hanover ended after Kilpatrick's men regrouped and drove the Confederates out of town. Stuart's brigades had been better positioned to guard their captured wagon train than to take advantage of the encounter with Kilpatrick. After a 20-mile trek in the dark, his exhausted men reached Dover on the morning of July 1, as the Battle of Gettysburg was commencing without them. Stuart headed next for Carlisle, hoping to find Ewell.

He lobbed a few shells into town during the early evening of July 1 and burned the Carlisle Barracks before withdrawing to the south towards Gettysburg. He and the bulk of his command reached Lee at Gettysburg the afternoon of July 2. He ordered Wade Hampton to cover the left rear of the Confederate battle lines, and Hampton fought with Brig. George Armstrong Custer at the Battle of Hunterstown before joining Stuart at Gettysburg. When Stuart arrived at Gettysburg on the afternoon of July 2bringing with him the caravan of captured Union supply wagonshe received a rare rebuke from Lee.

No one witnessed the private meeting between Lee and Stuart, but reports circulated at headquarters that Lee's greeting was abrupt and frosty. " Colonel Edward Porter Alexander wrote, "Although Lee said only,'Well, General, you are here at last,' his manner implied rebuke, and it was so understood by Stuart. [60] On the final day of the battle, Stuart was ordered to get into the enemy's rear and disrupt its line of communications at the same time Pickett's Charge was sent against the Union positions on Cemetery Ridge, but his attack on East Cavalry Field was repulsed by Union cavalry under Brig.

Numerous skirmishes and minor battles occurred during the screening and delaying actions of the retreat. Stuart's men were the final units to cross the Potomac River, returning to Virginia in wretched conditioncompletely worn out and broken down. The failure to crush the Federal army in Pennsylvania in 1863, in the opinion of almost all of the officers of the Army of Northern Virginia, can be expressed in five wordsthe absence of the cavalry. The Gettysburg Campaign was the most controversial of Stuart's career. He became one of the scapegoats (along with James Longstreet) blamed for Lee's loss at Gettysburg by proponents of the postbellum Lost Cause movement, such as Jubal Early.

Mosby, who had served under him during the campaign and was fiercely loyal to the late general, writing, He made me all that I was in the war. But for his friendship I would never have been heard of. He wrote numerous articles for popular publications and published a book length treatise in 1908, a work that relied on his skills as a lawyer to refute categorically all of the claims laid against Stuart.

Historians remain divided on how much the defeat at Gettysburg was due to Stuart failure to keep Lee informed. Longacre argues that Lee deliberately gave Stuart wide discretion in his orders. Coddington refers to the "tragedy" of Stuart in the Gettysburg Campaign and judges that when Fitzhugh Lee raised the question of "whether Stuart exercised the discretion undoubtedly given to him, judiciously, " the answer is no. Agreeing that Stuart's absence permitted Lee to be surprised at Gettysburg, Coddington points out that the Union commander, was just as surprised.

[The cavalry's success in the Bristoe Campaign can be attributed] to the generalship, boldness, and untiring energy of Major-General Stuart, for it was he who directed every movement of importance, and his generalship, boldness, and energy won the unbounded confidence of officers and men, and gave the prestige of success. Confederate Colonel Oliver Funsten[69]. A map of the Bristoe Campaign. A map of the 1864 Overland Campaign, including the location of the Battle of Yellow Tavern. The 1864 Overland Campaign, including the Battle of Yellow Tavern.

Lee reorganized his cavalry on September 9, creating a Cavalry Corps for Stuart with two divisions of three brigades each. In the Bristoe Campaign, Stuart was assigned to lead a broad turning movement in an attempt to get into the enemy's rear, but General Meade skillfully withdrew his army without leaving Stuart any opportunities to take advantage of. On October 13, Stuart blundered into the rear guard of the Union III Corps near Warrenton, resulting in the First Battle of Auburn.

Ewell's corps was sent to rescue him, but Stuart hid his troopers in a wooded ravine until the unsuspecting III Corps moved on, and the assistance was not necessary. As Meade withdrew towards Manassas Junction, brigades from the Union II Corps fought a rearguard action against Stuart's cavalry and the infantry of Brig. Harry Hays's division near Auburn on October 14.

Grant's offensive against Lee in the spring of 1864, began at the Battle of the Wilderness, where Stuart aggressively pushed Thomas L. Rosser's Laurel Brigade into a fight against George Custer's better-armed Michigan Brigade, resulting in significant losses.

General Lee sent a message to Stuart: It is very important to save your Cavalry & not wear it out. You must use your good judgment to make any attack which may offer advantages. As the armies maneuvered toward their next confrontation at Spotsylvania Court House, Stuart's cavalry fought delaying actions against the Union cavalry.

His defense at Laurel Hill, also directing the infantry of Brig. Kershaw, skillfully delayed the advance of the Federal army for nearly 5 critical hours. Southern Troopers Song, Dedicated to Gen'l.

Stuart and his gallant Soldiers, Sheet music, Danville, Virginia, c. The commander of the Army of the Potomac, Maj. George Meade, and his cavalry commander, Maj.

Philip Sheridan, quarreled about the Union cavalry's performance in the first two engagements of the Overland Campaign. Sheridan heatedly asserted that he wanted to concentrate all of cavalry, move out in force against Stuart's command, and whip it. " Meade reported the comments to Grant, who replied "Did Sheridan say that? Well, he generally knows what he is talking about.

Let him start right out and do it. Sheridan immediately organized a raid against Confederate supply and railroad lines close to Richmond, which he knew would bring Stuart to battle. Sheridan moved aggressively to the southeast, crossing the North Anna River and seizing Beaver Dam Station on the Virginia Central Railroad, where his men captured a train, liberating 3,000 Union prisoners and destroying more than one million rations and medical supplies destined for Lee's army.

Venable, they were able to stop briefly along the way to be greeted by Stuart's wife, Flora, and his children, Jimmie and Virginia. Venable wrote of Stuart, He told me he never expected to live through the war, and that if we were conquered, that he did not want to live. The Battle of Yellow Tavern occurred May 11, at an abandoned inn located six miles (9.7 km) north of Richmond. The Confederate troopers tenaciously resisted from the low ridgeline bordering the road to Richmond, fighting for over three hours. After receiving a scouting report from Texas Jack Omohundro, Stuart led a countercharge and pushed the advancing Union troopers back from the hilltop as Stuart, on horseback, shouted encouragement while firing his revolver at the Union troopers.

It then sliced through his stomach and exited his back, one inch to the right of his spine. [75] Stuart suffered great pain as an ambulance took him to Richmond to await his wife's arrival at the home of Dr.

As his aide Major McClellan left his side, Confederate President Jefferson Davis came in, took General Stuart's hand, and asked, General, how do you feel? " Stuart answered "Easy, but willing to die, if God and my country think I have fulfilled my destiny and done my duty.

She is buried alongside her husband and their daughter, Little Flora, in Hollywood Cemetery in Richmond. Stuart's grave in Hollywood Cemetery, Richmond, with temporary marker, 1865.

Gravesite of Jeb and Flora Stuart, Hollywood Cemetery. Like his intimate friend, Stonewall Jackson, General J. Stuart was a legendary figure and is considered one of the greatest cavalry commanders in American history. His friend from his federal army days, Union Maj.

John Sedgwick, said that Stuart was the greatest cavalry officer ever foaled in America. [80] Jackson and Stuart, both of whom were killed in battle, had colorful public images, although the latter seems to have been more deliberately crafted.

[84] In July 27, the Fairfax County School Board approved a measure to change the school name no later than the start of the 2019 school year. The measure asks that "Stuart High School" be considered as a possibility for the new name. [82] On October 27, 2017, the Fairfax County School Board voted to change the name of J. Stuart High School to Justice High School.

Board member Sandy Evans from the Mason District said that the name will honor Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall, Barbara Rose Johns, Louis Gonzaga Mendez Jr. And all those who have fought for justice and equality.

Johns was a Civil Rights leader. Army officer who joined the Virginia education department and lived for many years in Falls Church. On June 12, 2018, students of the school were given the opportunity to narrow down the choices for renaming the school from seven to three. Northside Elementary received 190 votes, Barack Obama Elementary earned 166 votes, and Wishtree Elementary received 127 votes.

Stuart, see themselves in Barack Obama. The student population of the newly named Barack Obama Elementary School is made up of more than 90 percent African-Americans. [87] The 34-inch by 34-inch flag was hand-sewn for Stuart by Flora in 1862 and Stuart carried it into some of his most famous battles. Stuart Birthplace Preservation Trust, Inc.

In 1992 to preserve and interpret it. Route 58, in Virginia, is name the J.

Stuart statue on Monument Avenue, Richmond, VA, unveiled May 30, 1907. Another view of the J. Stuart statue on Monument Avenue in Richmond, Virginia. In the long-running comic book G.

Combat, featuring "The Haunted Tank", published by DC Comics from the 1960s through the late 1980s, the ghost of General Stuart guided a tank crew (the tank being, at first, a Stuart, later a Sherman) commanded by his namesake, Lt. Joseph Fuqua played Stuart in the films Gettysburg and Gods and Generals. Errol Flynn played Stuart in the movie Santa Fe Trail, depicting his antebellum life, confronting John Brown in Kansas and at Harper's Ferry. The movie has become infamous for its many historical inaccuracies, one of which was that Stuart, George Armstrong Custer (portrayed by Ronald Reagan in the film), and Philip Sheridan were firm friends and all attended West Point together in 1854. Jeb Stuart was evoked by G.

Joe character, Cross Country, in the third episode of the mini-series, "Arise Serpentor, Arise". Jeb Stuart is mentioned by the Baladeer in Season four, episode 10 of the TV Series, The Dukes of Hazzard. Stuart, along with his warhorse Skylark, is featured prominently in the novel Traveller by Richard Adams. In the alternate history novel Gray Victory (1988), author Robert Skimin depicts Stuart surviving his wound from the battle of Yellow Tavern.

Stuart's son and grandson also appear in these novels. Several short stories in Barry Hannah's collection Airships feature Stuart as a character. Stuart's route to Gettysburg is the impetus for the sci-fi-ish book An End to Bugling by Edmund G. Stuart is also a character in L.

Elliott's Annie, Between the States. Stuart is a character in the historical adventure novel Flashman and the Angel of the Lord by George MacDonald Fraser featuring Stuart's early-career role in the US Army at John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry.

"When I Was On Horseback, " a song on the folk group Arborea's album Fortress of the Sun (2013), features lyrics that refer to Stuart's death near Richmond, Virginia. List of American Civil War generals (Confederate). The Maryland Campaignor Antietam Campaignoccurred September 420, 1862, during the American Civil War. Lee's first invasion of the North was repulsed by the Army of the Potomac under Maj.

His objective was to resupply his army outside of the war-torn Virginia theater and to damage Northern morale in anticipation of the November elections. He undertook the risky maneuver of splitting his army so that he could continue north into Maryland while simultaneously capturing the Federal garrison and arsenal at Harpers Ferry.

McClellan accidentally found a copy of Lee's orders to his subordinate commanders and planned to isolate and defeat the separated portions of Lee's army. Stonewall Jackson surrounded, bombarded, and captured Harpers Ferry (September 1215), McClellan's army of 102,000 men attempted to move quickly through the South Mountain passes that separated him from Lee.

He told Confederate President Jefferson Davis in a letter of September 3 that the enemy was much weakened and demoralized. There were secondary reasons as well.

He knew that McClellan was a strong organizer and a skilled trainer of troops, able to recombine the units of Pope's army with the Army of the Potomac faster than anyone. On September 2, 1862, Lincoln named McClellan to command the fortifications of Washington, and all the troops for the defense of the capital. "[10] The appointment was controversial in the Cabinet, a majority of whom signed a petition declaring to the president "our deliberate opinion that, at this time, it is not safe to entrust to Major General McClellan the command of any Army of the United States. "[11] The president admitted that it was like "curing the bite with the hair of the dog. " But Lincoln told his secretary, John Hay, "We must use what tools we have.

There is no man in the Army who can man these fortifications and lick these troops of ours into shape half as well as he. If he can't fight himself, he excels in making others ready to fight. Further information: Antietam Union order of battle. McClellan's Army of the Potomac, bolstered by units absorbed from John Pope's Army of Virginia, included six infantry corps, about 102,000 men. The I Corps, under Maj.

Joseph Hooker, consisted of the divisions of Brig. The II Corps, under Maj. Sumner, consisted of the divisions of Maj.

Richardson and John Sedgwick, and Brig. The V Corps, under Maj. Fitz John Porter, consisted of the divisions of Maj. The VI Corps, under Maj. Franklin, consisted of the divisions of Maj.

Mansfield, consisted of the divisions of Brig. Greene, and the cavalry division of Brig. During the march north into Maryland, McClellan changed his army's command structure, appointing commanders for three "wings": the left, commanded by William B.

The army that McClellan took into Maryland was not an entirely cohesive or battle-ready fighting force. At its core were the Peninsula veterans of the II, V, and VI Corps, but a large portion of the army were untested rookie regiments or troops who had never fought as part of the Army of the Potomac. Some of the rookies had never even loaded their muskets, and others were unknowingly armed with defective weapons.

McClellan had quickly integrated John Pope's three corps into the main army; these were redesignated as the I, XI, and XII Corps. A number of new nine-month regiments were added to the army, including two entire new divisions commanded by Brig.

Of the six corps that participated in the Maryland Campaign, the II and VI were the largest and most well-rested as neither had fought since the Seven Days Battles over two months earlier (aside from one brigade of the VI Corps which had been attacked by the Confederates and routed while scouting near Bull Run). The II Corps received a new division of nine month troops commanded by Brig. Gen William French and the VI Corps had one new regiment, all the rest of the men in both corps had fought on the Peninsula. The I Corps was the smallest, as it had suffered heavy losses at Second Bull Run (one of its divisions had also been heavily engaged in the Seven Days) and would lose still more men at South Mountain; it's estimated that the corps had 8000 men at Antietam out of a paper strength of 14,000. The V Corps also consisted mostly of Peninsula veterans; Morell's division had suffered severe losses at Second Bull Run and had its ranks filled out with green troops.

A new division of nine-month regiments led by Brig. Humphreys was added, but they would not arrive until after Antietam.

The IX Corps had had two divisions at Second Bull Run (commanded by General Reno as Burnside was not present at the battle); for the Maryland Campaign, it was joined by a third division under Brig. Gen Samuel Sturgis and Brig. Gen Jacob Cox's "Kanawah" Division, on loan from the West Virginia area. It included several green regiments and the corps as a whole was quite inexperienced as Second Bull Run had been the only serious engagement it had fought in.

The XII Corps had not fought at Second Bull Run and its last engagement had been at Cedar Mountain a month earlier; some men from this corps were left in the Washington defenses and swapped for a number of green regiments. After Nathaniel Banks was fired on September 12, the senior division commander, Alpheus Williams, commanded the corps for a few days until Maj. Mansfield, an old regular army officer with 40 years of service, was named to command. Further information: Antietam Confederate order of battle. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia was organized into two large infantry corps, about 55,000 effectives at the beginning of September.

John Bell Hood, and an independent brigade under Brig. The Second Corps, under Maj. "Stonewall" Jackson, consisted of the divisions of Brig. Hill (the Light Division), Brig. The remaining units were the Cavalry Corps, under Maj.

Stuart, and the reserve artillery, commanded by Brig. The Second Corps was organized with artillery attached to each division, in contrast to the First Corps, which reserved its artillery at the corps level. One of the more unusual aspects of the Maryland Campaign was the severely understrength condition of the Army of Northern Virginia.

Many brigades were the size of regiments, their regiments company-sized. Despite the ragged condition of the army, morale was high and almost all of the Confederate were veterans, which put them at an advantage over the numerous green Union regiments. The divisions of McLaws and D. Hill had been left in the Richmond area during the Northern Virginia Campaign; they quickly rejoined the army for the march into Maryland.

The exact size of the Army of Northern Virginia at Antietam has been a source of debate since the 19th century; Lost Causers during the postwar years presented a picture of Lee being severely understrength and possibly having as few as 30,000 men on the field. Union generals and veterans of the war generally believed that the Army of Northern Virginia was not that small on September 17, and estimated Confederate strength as high as 50,000 men.

On September 4, advance elements of the Army of Northern Virginia crossed into Maryland from Loudoun County. The main body of the army advanced into Frederick, Maryland, on September 7. The 55,000-man army had been reinforced by troops who had been defending Richmondthe divisions of Maj.

Hill and Lafayette McLaws and two brigades under Brig. Walkerbut they merely made up for the 9,000 men lost at Bull Run and Chantilly.

Davis explained that the Confederacy was still waging a war of self-defense. He wrote there was "no design of conquest, " and that the invasions were only an aggressive effort to force the Lincoln government to let the South go in peace. We are driven to protect our own country by transferring the seat of war to that of an enemy who pursues us with a relentless and apparently aimless hostility.

Lee's invasion was fraught with difficulties from the beginning. The Confederate Army's numerical strength suffered in the wake of straggling and desertion. Although he started from Chantilly with 55,000 men, within 10 days this number had diminished to 45,000. [24] Some troops refused to cross the Potomac River because an invasion of Union territory violated their beliefs that they were fighting only to defend their states from Northern aggression. Countless others became ill with diarrhea after eating unripe "green corn" from the Maryland fields or fell out because their shoeless feet were bloodied on hard-surfaced Northern roads.

[22] Lee ordered his commanders to deal harshly with stragglers, whom he considered cowards "who desert their comrades in peril" and were therefore "unworthy members of an army that has immortalized itself" in its recent campaigns. Upon entering Maryland, the Confederates found little support; rather, they were met with reactions that ranged from a cool lack of enthusiasm, to, in most cases, open hostility. Lee was disappointed at the state's resistance, a condition that he had not anticipated.

Halleck ordered Reynolds to serve under Curtin and told Hooker to find a new division commander. As far north as Wilkes-Barre, church and courthouse bells rang out, calling men to drill. In Maryland, panic was much more widespread than in Pennsylvania, which was not yet immediately threatened. Baltimore, which Lee incorrectly regarded as a hotbed of secession merely waiting for the appearance of Confederate armies to revolt, took up the war call against him immediately. When it was learned in Baltimore that Southern armies had crossed the Potomac, the reaction was one of instantaneous hysteria followed quickly by stoic resolution.

Crowds milled in the street outside newspaper offices waiting for the latest bulletins, and the sale of liquor was halted to restrain the excitable. The public stocked up on food and other essentials, fearing a siege. Philadelphia was also sent into a flurry of frenzied preparations, despite being over 150 miles (240 km) from Hagerstown and in no immediate danger.

I did not believe before coming here that there was so much Union feeling in the state. The whole population [of Frederick] seemed to turn out to welcome us.

[32] The army started with relatively low morale, a consequence of its defeats on the Peninsula and at Second Bull Run, but upon crossing into Maryland, their spirits were boosted by the "friendly, almost tumultuous welcome" that they received from the citizens of the state. Although he was being pursued at a leisurely pace by Maj. McClellan and the Union Army of the Potomac, outnumbering him more than two to one, Lee chose the risky strategy of dividing his army to seize the prize of Harpers Ferry.

Lafayette McLaws (8,000 men) and Brig. Walker (3,400), were to capture Maryland Heights and Loudoun Heights, commanding the town from the east and south. The Army of the Potomac reached Frederick, Maryland, on September 13. Barton Mitchell of the 27th Indiana Infantry discovered a mislaid copy of the detailed campaign plans of Lee's armySpecial Order 191wrapped around three cigars. The order indicated that Lee had divided his army and dispersed portions geographically, thus making each subject to isolation and defeat in detail.

Upon realizing the intelligence value of this discovery, McClellan threw up his arms and exclaimed, Now I know what to do! He waved the order at his old Army friend, Brig.

John Gibbon, and said, Here is a paper with which if I cannot whip Bobbie Lee, I will be willing to go home. I think Lee has made a gross mistake, and that he will be severely punished for it. I have all the plans of the rebels, and will catch them in their own trap if my men are equal to the emergency. McClellan waited 18 hours before deciding to take advantage of this intelligence.

His delay squandered the opportunity to destroy Lee's army. On the night of September 13, the Army of the Potomac moved toward South Mountain, with Burnside's right wing of the army directed to Turner's Gap, and Franklin's left wing to Crampton's Gap.

South Mountain is the name given to the continuation of the Blue Ridge Mountains after they enter Maryland. It is a natural obstacle that separates the Shenandoah Valley and Cumberland Valley from the eastern part of Maryland. Crossing the passes of South Mountain was the only way to reach Lee's army. Lee, seeing McClellan's uncharacteristic aggressive actions, and possibly learning through a Confederate sympathizer that his order had been compromised, [37] quickly moved to concentrate his army.

He chose not to abandon his invasion and return to Virginia yet, because Jackson had not completed the capture of Harpers Ferry. Instead, he chose to make a stand at Sharpsburg, Maryland. In the meantime, elements of the Army of Northern Virginia waited in defense of the passes of South Mountain. Battles of the Maryland Campaign. Further information: Battle of Harpers Ferry.

As Jackson's three columns approached Harpers Ferry, Col. Miles, Union commander of the garrison, insisted on keeping most of the troops near the town instead of taking up commanding positions on the surrounding heights. The South Carolinians under Brig. Kershaw encountered the slim defenses of the most important position, Maryland Heights, but only brief skirmishing ensued. Strong attacks by the brigades of Kershaw and William Barksdale on September 13 drove the mostly inexperienced Union troops from the heights.

During the fighting on Maryland Heights, the other Confederate columns arrived and were astonished to see that critical positions to the west and south of town were not defended. Jackson methodically positioned his artillery around Harpers Ferry and ordered Maj. Hill to move down the west bank of the Shenandoah River in preparation for a flank attack on the Federal left the next morning. By the morning of September 15, Jackson had positioned nearly 50 guns on Maryland Heights and at the base of Loudoun Heights. He began a fierce artillery barrage from all sides and ordered an infantry assault.

Miles realized that the situation was hopeless and agreed with his subordinates to raise the white flag of surrender. Before he could surrender personally, he was mortally wounded by an artillery shell and died the next day. Jackson took possession of Harpers Ferry and more than 12,000 Union prisoners, then led most of his men to join Lee at Sharpsburg, leaving Maj. Hill's division to complete the occupation of the town.

Further information: Battle of South Mountain and Battle of Crampton's Gap. US ARMY MARYLAND CAMPAIGN MAP 3 (SOUTH MOUNTAIN). Pitched battles were fought on September 14 for possession of the South Mountain passes: Crampton's, Turner's, and Fox's Gaps. Hill defended Turner's and Fox's Gaps against Burnside.

Lafayette McLaws defended Crampton's Gap against Franklin, who was able to break through at Crampton's Gap, but the Confederates were able to hold Turner's and Fox's, if only precariously. Lee realized the futility of his position against the numerically superior Union forces, and he ordered his troops to Sharpsburg. McClellan was then theoretically in a position to destroy Lee's army before it could concentrate.

McClellan's limited activity on September 15 after his victory at South Mountain, however, condemned the garrison at Harpers Ferry to capture and gave Lee time to unite his scattered divisions at Sharpsburg. Further information: Battle of Antietam. Battle of Antietam (Sharpsburg), September 17, 1862. On September 16, McClellan confronted Lee near Sharpsburg. Lee was defending a line to the west of Antietam Creek.

Attacks and counterattacks swept across the Miller Cornfield and the woods near the Dunker Church as Maj. Mansfield's XII Corps joined to reinforce Hooker. Union assaults against the Sunken Road ("Bloody Lane") by Maj.

Sumner's II Corps eventually pierced the Confederate center, but the Federal advantage was not pressed. In the afternoon, Burnside's IX Corps crossed a stone bridge over Antietam Creek and rolled up the Confederate right. At a crucial moment, A.

Hill's division arrived from Harpers Ferry and counterattacked, driving back Burnside's men and saving Lee's army from destruction. Although outnumbered two to one, Lee committed his entire force, while McClellan sent in only four of his six available corps. This enabled Lee to shift brigades across the battlefield and counter each individual Union assault.

During the night, both armies consolidated their lines. In spite of crippling casualtiesUnion 12,401, or 25%; Confederate 10,316, or 31%Lee continued to skirmish with McClellan throughout September 18, while transporting his wounded men south of the Potomac. McClellan did not renew the offensive.

On September 19, a detachment of Maj. Fitz John Porter's V Corps pushed across the river at Boteler's Ford, attacked the Confederate rear guard commanded by Brig. Pendleton, and captured four guns.

He believed that the general's cautious and poorly coordinated actions in the field had forced the battle to a draw rather than a crippling Confederate defeat. He was even more astonished that from September 17 to October 26, despite repeated entreaties from the War Department and the president, McClellan declined to pursue Lee across the Potomac, citing shortages of equipment and the fear of overextending his forces. Halleck wrote in his official report, The long inactivity of so large an army in the face of a defeated foe, and during the most favorable season for rapid movements and a vigorous campaign, was a matter of great disappointment and regret. [44] Lincoln relieved McClellan of his command of the Army of the Potomac on November 7, effectively ending the general's military career.

Burnside rose to command the Army of the Potomac. The Eastern Theater was relatively quiet until December, when Lee faced Burnside at the Battle of Fredericksburg. Although a tactical draw, the Battle of Antietam was a strategic victory for the Union.

It forced the end of Lee's strategic invasion of the North and gave Abraham Lincoln the victory he was awaiting before announcing the Emancipation Proclamation on September 22, which took effect on January 1, 1863. Although Lincoln had intended to do so earlier, he was advised by his Cabinet to make this announcement after a Union victory to avoid the perception that it was issued out of desperation. The Confederate reversal at Antietam also dissuaded the governments of France and Great Britain from recognizing the Confederacy.

Henry (Harry) Alexander Ogden, also known as H. Ogden, (18561936) was an American illustrator particularly of historical and military subjects. He was born in Philadelphia on July 17, 1856 but moved to Brooklyn, New York when he was quite young and it was at the Brooklyn Institute and the Brooklyn Academy of Design that he received his first training in art. At the age of 17, he began work with Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper. This allowed him to travel extensively around the United States and Europe.

He died on 14 June 1936 at Englewood, New Jersey, at the age of 79. The Boy's Book of Famous Regiments (1914), with the collaboration of H.

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